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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a target, a prize for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

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All of the products in this roundup explicitly say that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disc drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all the files that you put into it are entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of these products to have a feel for the different options.

Once you copy a document into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disk, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a additional hints standard, and all of the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been altered. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it's all of the proof you need. PKI click this service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.

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